Drones and AI are the Newest Weapons in Wildfires

As wildfires rage with increasing ferocity across the American West, firefighters are being pushed to their limits. But they have a powerful new ally in this fight, a dynamic duo that is changing the game: drones and artificial intelligence.

The U.S. Forest Service is now deploying drones on an unprecedented scale, with flights skyrocketing from just over 700 in 2019 to an incredible 17,000 in 2024. These eyes in the sky, paired with powerful AI brains on the ground, are giving fire crews the intelligence they need to fight smarter, faster, and more safely than ever before.

The Drone: A Firefighter’s Best Friend

For the boots-on-the-ground firefighters, drones have become an indispensable tool. Led by Dirk Giles, the Forest Service’s UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) program is now involved in every phase of the fight, from initial detection to the final “mop-up” phase.

Take the recent Banana Lake Fire in Montana. A drone equipped with a thermal camera was able to fly over the 850-acre blaze, peering through the thick smoke to identify the most intense hotspots. This real-time intelligence was beamed directly to the incident commander, who used it to guide 17 fire engines, two helicopters, and three bulldozers to exactly where they were needed most. The fire was contained in a single day—a feat that would have been far more difficult and dangerous without the drone’s aerial perspective.

These drones can go where people can’t, fly when it’s too smoky for manned aircraft, and provide a level of detail that was previously unimaginable. They are the ultimate scouts in a war against a wildly unpredictable enemy.

The AI: A Crystal Ball for Fire Behavior

If drones are the eyes of the operation, then Artificial Intelligence is the brain. Scientists are now using sophisticated machine learning models to get ahead of the flames. At the University of Colorado, researchers like Jennifer Balch are feeding massive amounts of satellite data into AI systems to accurately forecast the path of smoke plumes, helping to issue timely public health warnings.

Meanwhile, at the University of Montana, AI is being used to simulate how fires will burn through different types of terrain and fuel. This allows fire managers to plan more effective prescribed burns—controlled fires designed to clear out underbrush that could fuel a future megafire. The AI doesn’t replace the human experts; it gives them a powerful new tool to test their strategies and make better-informed decisions.

A Sobering Reality Check

As powerful as this new technology is, it’s not a silver bullet. Drones struggle to operate effectively in high winds or in densely wooded areas where signals can be lost. And AI models are only as good as the data they are fed; they still require human oversight and a deep understanding of local conditions.

There’s also a crucial human element that technology can’t replace. The report highlights the struggle of Indigenous communities like the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. They have been using prescribed burns as a tool for landscape management for millennia, yet they face bureaucratic red tape and long waits to get certified to use the very drone technology that could enhance their traditional practices. It’s a stark reminder that modern innovation must learn to work in partnership with ancient wisdom, not ignore it.

DroneXL’s Take

Here in Quito, this story isn’t just an interesting piece of tech news; it’s deeply personal. Over the last two years, I’ve watched from my window as massive wildfires have torn through the forests on the slopes of the Pichincha, the mountain that cradles this city. The smoke filling the valley, the orange glow on the horizon at night, and the loss of thousands of acres of beautiful forest—it’s a painful and recurring tragedy for everyone here.

Seeing firsthand how devastating these fires are is why this news about the US Forest Service gives me so much hope. The exponential jump to 17,000 drone flights a year is a staggering statistic. It shows that drones have graduated from being a niche experiment to being a core, indispensable part of the firefighting arsenal. This isn’t just theory; it’s a proven tool that is saving land and lives.

But the “real talk” here, and something that resonates deeply, is the point about Indigenous wisdom. We can get so excited about our new AI models and advanced sensors that we forget that people have been successfully managing these landscapes for thousands of years. The true revolution won’t just come from smarter drones; it will come from blending this new technology with that deep, generational knowledge.

This technology gives us a new set of eyes to fight these terrible fires, a tool I wish we had more of during the recent blazes here. But we must never forget the importance of the human heart and mind guiding them.

Photographs courtesy of Grist, Drone Amplified and Diario Crónica